How to Self-Edit and Edit Your Novel or Short Story Like a Pro
From First Draft to Final Copy
Rough It Out With the First Draft
If you're a serious writer of fiction who has finished writing a novel, novella, or a short story, congratulations! Whether you wrote it during Nano, Camp Nano or Julno, or on your own, that's only the first stage of writing a book or a short piece of fiction. So before you want to submit it to fiction markets for short stories, or agents, editors and/or publishers for novels and novellas, there's a lot of work to do to get it polished and ready. Take a break from your novel and set it aside for a few days, a couple of weeks, or a month or two. After some time had passed, you can go back to it and look at it with two fresh eyes.
Whether you do it via hard copy or on your computer, there's a couple of ways you can self-edit and edit your novel for free ... or with some optional choices. While best-selling authors love the editing process, I tend to hate it, since it would take longer for me to get it done than when I write a novel alone. With a couple of tools of the trade, I'm going to show you how to self-edit, revise, rewrite, rework, edit, copy edit, proofread, spell check, etc., your manuscript or short story with these handy tips. So get ready to take plenty of notes to use for future reference!
Elements of Style is a must-have for all writers to have in their bookcase.
The Tools of the Trade
For any beginner writer, it's best for us to do self-editing alone with the rough draft and the right tools of the trade. For hard copy, print out your novel and put it in a binder. Bring plenty of red erasable pens and pencils to make notes with. For those who work on the computer, make sure you have a word processing document like Word or Scrivener that has a compare-merge function. Get ready to use the delete, backspace and strike-through keys.
It's highly recommended to check out or buy Strunk and White's Elements of Style, Renni Browne's Self-Editing For Writers, and Stephen Kings's On Writing at your local bookstore or library. You can also find back issues of Writer's Digest magazines on editing and revision, if you don't have a subscription, and check out their online articles at their website and blog, too.
You should also have a checklist by your side on what you need to cut or add in your story. Make sure you show more than tell, watch out for passive words that need to be active, make sure it's realistic and logical and flows well, check for any head-hopping POVs, and cut out any extraneous fluff that doesn't move the story forward. You might have to "kill our darlings" at some time, depending on your genre and word count, except for short stories. Don't forget to read it out loud to yourself. Or you can find a text-to-speech program for your computer, too!
Autocrit.com can help with self-editing
- Manuscript Polishing & Editing Software | AutoCrit
Need help editing your novel? AutoCrit's online editing tool is the perfect software to help you polish your manuscript and get published!
One-Pass Revision
Most of us don't want to edit our manuscript many times to get ourselves into an over-editing rut. If you want to try to do it in a one-pass revision to get it done in one cycle, here's some borrowed and shortened tips from Holly Lisle's website. (This works best for hard copy, since it's way harder on your computer. I've tried it a few years ago. It doesn't work.)
You would need a print out of your novel, a cheap notebook, a couple of smooth-writing pens, stack your ms on a steady table in three piles, and plenty of good lightning.
Part One: Discovery
- Write down the theme of your novel in 15 words or less.
- If you know what your sub-themes are, write them down.
- In 25 words or less, write down what your ms is about.
- Write a one-story arc for your main character in one line.
- Write down the main characters and a 250-word paragraph describing the story.
Part Two: Manuscript Slog. This is when we focus on the scenes with a checklist.
- Does the scene belong in the story?
- Is the scene a story in miniature?
- What's the conflict?
- Does it contain elements that doesn't fit?
- Go to your notebook and write down what threads you've killed.
- Make notes on what new direction you took your story in.
- Offer suggestions about evolution and theme.
- Is it well-written?
- Does it fit logically in time and space?
- Is it full of weak words?
- Is the word count right?
Part Three: Type-In
This is where you open your notebook, look at the scribbles, and type it in your manuscript, starting with the first page. If you have new story ideas, write them down and save them for your next book.
ProWritingAid.com can help improve your writing
- ProWritingAid - Writing Improvement & Editing Software
Improve your writing with our writing improvement and editing software
National Novel Editing Month
- NaNoEdMo Welcome to National Novel Editing Month! - NaNoEdMo
Great writers agree: writing is rewriting. But you don't have to do it alone! Join a community dedicated to the goal of editing for 50 hours in March.
Tips for Self-Editing 101
Whether you're planning to self-publish your own book or do it traditionally with big-name publishers, indie publishers, small publishers, or even e-publishers. There are tons of editing and self-editing tips online, if you need where to find them. Over the past year, I've compiled a list of words you can eliminate and cull your word count. On the computer, you can use the find/replace key to delete them. Also, watch out for word echoes--that's when you repeat the same word twice in the same sentence. Just change a word or take it out. Remember, the thesaurus is a writer's best friend!
Watch out for these weak filter words to prune and weed in your stories and novels! As for those -ly words, use it in moderation.
About
Able
A Lot
Almost
Always
Am*
Amazing
Anxiously
Any infinitive for to walk
Anyway
And
And then
Appear
Approximately
Are
As
Basically
Be
Being*
Been*
Believe
Best
Big
But
By
Can
Causing
Could
*Did/Does/Do
Eagerly
Even
Every
Feel/Felt
Finally
First
Frequently
*Got/Get
Had (had been)/Have/Had/Has *
Hardly
Heard
His/Her
-Ing words starting sentence
*Is
It is/it was
It seems to be/It seems to me
Just
Kind of
Like
Look as if
-Ly words esp. to modify said
Made
May
Merely
Might
More or less
Must
Nearly
Need
Never
Not
Notice (verb)
Oddly enough
Of
Often
Only
Pretty
Put
Quite
Rather
Realize
Really
Roughly
Said
Saw
Seem
Several
Shall
Short
Should
Small
Smelled
So
Some
Sort of
Still
Such
Tall
Tasted
That
Then
There was/is/are
Thing
Think
• to see
• to hear
• to think
• to touch
• to wonder
• to realize
• to watch
• to look
• to seem
• to feel (or feel like)
• to decide
• to sound (or sound like)
• to notice
• to be able to
• to note
• to experience
Touched
Tried to
Used to
Utilize
Very
Was/were
Wearing/wore
Went
When
Which
Wonderful
Quick tips: If you want some extra work, you might want to check out Autocrit.com. I've found out about that website, a few years ago. It can help you fine tune your ms or short story into a polished form. It's free to join to create an account. It can look over up to 500 words (2-3 pages) a day and would highlight any errors in red. When fixed, it can bring the number down to zero. It's perfect for those who do short stories! If you want to invest on self-editing on your partial or full manuscript, it depends on what membership you need it for. I haven't been to the website in two years. Update: I've made a mistake on the membership pricing when I went to the website two years ago. They were updating the monthly membership to $12/month for the annual price of $144. Sorry about that inconvenience.
I did find another website that can give you free 100% analysis for your manuscripts or short stories, say for a chapter. It's called ProWritingAid.com. They would give you suggestions on improving your writing in your summary report. Their memberships are a bit lower than Autocrit's for a year: $35 for a year, $55 for 2 years, $70 for 3 years, and $120 for a lifetime license. Check it out!
For those who do Nano, Camp Nano (spring, summer or both), Julno, there's Nanoedmo every March for free. You can sign up and register for a free account and have your own widget to keep track on your editing word counts. When I first heard about it, I knew other Nanoers prefer not to do it, since they prefer to edit at their own pace. But I've done it for a couple of years to get me started. It takes the same concept of Nano of writing 50 K or more words a month and applied it for logging in 50 hours or more of editing a month. Say if you wrote 2 hours a day for Nano, you would log in 2 hours a day for Nanoedmo. (And yes, you did get a certificate at the end, if you logged in 50 or more hours to print out.)
Editing and Revising Poll
Do you love or hate editing and revising?
Internet Writing Workshop
- The Internet Writing Workshop: Write - Critique - Learn
Internet Writing Workshop Write: Critique, Learn
Partner up With a Beta Reader or Critique Group
After you've done the first pass revision on your own, you're going to need a fresh pair of eyes to help you out to give you honest feedback. There are many free ways to find someone to help you out. Ask a sibling or a friend, or even your parents to help you out. If you have a close relationship with your high school English teacher or college English/Creative Writing professor, you can ask them for help. (My mother was a teacher who helped me out for 3 long years, before she died last spring.)
There's many benefits of working with a beta reader, critique partner, an accountability partner, or joining a critique group. A beta reader will look after your work and give you comments on story flow, while a critique partner will give you honest feedback from POV to grammar errors. If you never heard of an accountability partner, I never did either, until I've learned about it a decade ago. An accountability partner will help you keep track of your editing by word count and support you. Sometimes your beta reader/critique partner can be the same partner, too. (I love my beta reader! She helped out finish editing my ms, after my mother died, and will help me with future projects.) You can also find a beta reader or critique partner online, if you check the website and a couple of blog. I know one of my egroups--RWCList--posts a critique partner list via email, twice a month. If you do social networking, you can ask for one via Twitter or Facebook.
A critique group is also great to give you more feedback from fellow group members. They're free and usually meet at your local library once a month. They might meet in the morning or at night. You do have to bring your short story or chapter excerpt in person, or if it's via email, just email it over to them. If there's not one near you, try the nearest town. If not, there's another option for you to get feedback and that's joining critique email lists and websites.
For the past decade or so, I've gotten tons of feedback from free various sources to get critique on my chapter excerpts. Feel free to check out Youwriteon.com or Forwardmotion.com. It's free to join as a member. As long as others help you, you have to critique others in return. I've been a member of the Internet Writing List for a decade ago. As long as you meet the monthly quota of two per month for a critique/submission for Fiction and Novels, you would be in good standing. Just sign up to join to get approved, and then send out a chapter excerpt. (Revised chapters excepts also count, too.) Everyone's there been real nice and friendly to me over the years. There's the Writing E-List for everything that's writing-related, which included editing, too. {The only caveat for Youwriteon.com, your work will be graded on a scale from one to five stars per editing criteria on a member's review. There's also a chart of where your work would land, when you get four reviews.)
You can also join online forums for free to get tons of feedback for the first pages or so. I know that Agentquery.com, Querytracker.com, Forwardmotion.com, and Youwriteon.com. You might find some help over here at Hub Pages, too!
Hire an Editor
If you have the money to have it looked after by a professional editor, that might be a good investment for the final phase of editing. An editor, line editor or copy editor would charge you by the word, by lines, by pages, or by chapters, from the first pages to the whole manuscript.
Other paid options to have it looked it and critiqued, is by sending it to a contest to get feedback on. It's a good way to get feedback, whether you won an award or prize, and use it as a published credit for your queries in the future. Other there's a submission fee to enter your story or novel in, but it's something to look into. Otherwise, if you're attending a writer's conference that has an editing session, you might consider that, too, if you want to pay the fee.
One last option is to join a local writing conference, like Sisters in Crime or Romance Writers of America. They do have local charters that meet each month to get feedback. You do have to pay for membership and attend two meetings before you can join as a member. Local charters have free online crit groups, if you can't attend or afford their meetings.
So now you have the tools of the trade, get out there to edit like a pro with a pen or the delete button. You can take as much time as you need to get it done. Don't worry about deadlines, until you've landed an agent and a pub deal! Good luck writers!
Questions & Answers
Comments
- Author
You're welcome Mike. Its autocrit.com not autocrat. Give it a go .Try Grammarly and HemingwayApp too.
Thanks for the autocrat.com tip. I will have to check it out. I struggle with the final “fit and finish” of my articles. I always go back and tweak.
- Author
Aww thanks Fatimah for your kind words and stopping by.
You have a keen eye for writing skills. One of the best articles I've read recently. Thanks for these practical tips.
- Author
Thanks Audrey for your kind words and comments.
Still an excellent article Kristen! Good luck with stuff in your world!
- Author
Thanks Deborah for stopping by and commenting. Go for it!
Great tips. Thanks for writing these suggestions. I will definitely give them a try.
Namaste
- Author
Okay. I would change it to something else other than passive. Maybe words to avoid and cut.
Kristen, like I said, your list is fine. It's the WORD "passive" that is wrong, if you apply it to all the words like you have been doing. The word passive only applies to those particular examples in your link, so you need to stop using it to refer to the whole list.
- Author
I see. But I've bookmarked similar writing websites that state the same words to cut in the same lists. But I guess I have to disagree with you here. Words ending in -ing should make active by making them end in -ed. Plus weak filter words like saw/heard/up/down aren't necessary Marisa. Check out this link: examples.yourdictionary.com/...active-and-passive-voice.html
The word "passive", in writing, refers specifically to the use of the passive voice in verbs. In that passage you've quoted, there's only one small section talking about that (Passive voice: Over-use of words like “was,” “were” and “that” indicate your writing MAY be too passive. Reconstruct in active voice). The rest are not passive and therefore changing them does not make them active. It may make your writing better, my point is that you're using the wrong word to explain why.
- Author
I know what passive words are--words ending in -ly, was, to be verbs, started to, etc. Weak words are filter words like saw/felt/heard. This is what I've learned in conferences and from reading magazines like Writer's Digest, books like Elements of Style, etc. This is from a website from one of the contests hosts I've entered on her writing advice: So how do we do this? Here’s a checklist of things to consider cutting:
→ Adverbs, especially those with “ly” endings. Ask yourself if they’re necessary. → Adjectives. Often people use two or three when one or none is better. → Gerunds. Words that end in “ing.” → Passive voice: Over-use of words like “was,” “were” and “that” indicate your writing may be too passive. Reconstruct in active voice. → Passages that are overly descriptive. → Passages that describe characters’ thoughts and feelings in too much detail (i.e. long sections of narrative or interior monologue). → Passages that tell the reader what they already know. → Unnecessary backstory.
Here’s a list of words to watch for. Carefully consider their necessity and effectiveness:
about, actually, almost, almost, like, appears, approximately, basically, close to, even, eventually, exactly, finally, just, just then, kind of, nearly, practically, really, seems, simply, somehow, somewhat, sort of, suddenly, truly, utterly, were.
(Make use of the “search and replace” function in Word to help with this process if there are specific words you tend to overuse.)
Once you go through this exercise, you’ll find your manuscript remarkably cleaner. Try to have fun with it!
And remember, no matter how many words you’re able to cut, your editor will always find more.
See? Her list is the same as mine, only smaller, Marisa.
I'm not sure if I made the comment earlier, but I also recommend you Google "passive voice" to understand the difference between passive words and weak words. None of the words you listed is passive. It's a very, very common misconception which, thanks to the internet, is now widely repeated on writing advice sites.
- Author
You're welcome.
- Author
That's a good rule of thumb. I've read it somewhere too. Then I read you can remove was and that to make a stronger sentence. I'll amend it as a caveat.
I think that's the point with those words - people get too worried about them, you don't have to get rid of them all. For instance, I met one writer who spent hours getting rid of every single "was" in her story. Whereas I've been told by a couple of professional editors that a good rule of thumb is, no more than three on any single page. Which, when you multiply it out to a whole book, means quite a lot!
Thank you.
- Author
Hmm. I thnk it would be best to try to avoid those passive words and make your writing count by being active. Use them sparingly in moderation. Read books in your genre and see how they do it. Watch out for weak filter words too.
Would it be a good approach be to write the story with the words you want then write the same story obeying the "Forbidden Words" rule?
- Author
Thanks for stopping by Marisa. Good points here. You can use those words sparingly like the -ly words or make them active in order for it to work. I can amend this article with your comments in mind.
Some good advice here, but I worry about the "forbidden words" list. They are words to look out for, yes, because they can be a signal that you MIGHT be able to write the sentence in a better way. But I've seen writers take the list to heart, and end up creating horrible convoluted sentences in a desperate attempt to avoid the words, and that's completely the wrong approach. They're just a yellow flag, not a red flag.
The other thing I worry about is recommending people ask friends or family to crit. You're never going to get a really honest answer from those people, so I think it's better to save them up and use them as readers of the final version, especially if you're self-publishing. Then they can write you a review!
- Author
I've heard it's very recommended but I haven't read it. You're welcome. I might add a new list of words like filters to remove this summer. Happy editing!
I love Stephen King's "On Writing". It's a must for writers. I appreciate your list of passive words and the different sources for feedback and critiquing that you list. This is a timely article for me. Thank you!
- Author
My pleasure.
These are wonderful tips on editing. Thank you so much for sharing your expertise:)
- Author
Thanks Heidi for sharing my friend. I appreciate your support.
Was glad this popped up again in my feed! Great tips. Sharing again on HP and Twitter!
- Author
You're welcome. I can't wait to meet you in 2 weeks at the conference. Did you get the email for query critiques recently?
This is great information! Thanks for compiling it in a comprehensive hub. This is one I will refer to often.
- Author
Chris, thanks so bunch for stopping by. Good for you! I hope you get those shorts published. Fingers crossed.
Kristen, thanks for all the great information. I'm pulling some short stories together for publication and your article gives me more good ideas for getting the stories into shape.
- Author
Thanks Mary for stopping by. I'm glad you've learned about editing tips.
Kristen, this is really worthwhile. I have learned so much here about editing and especially appreciate the specifics of what to do.
- Author
Thanks Vespa! You're welcome. Thanks for bookmarking it for future use.
Your list of unnecessary words will be very useful when I edit my manuscript. I also plan to check out some of the sites you mention. I'm glad you mentioned Stephen King's "On Writing". He also edits a hard copy and offers more details about his process. This is a great resource and I've marked it for future reference. Thank you!
- Author
Thanks Moonlake for stopping by and commenting. I appreciate it. I hope it helps.
You have lots of great tips on here. I will be back and forth to check your suggestion. I know once I leave here I will completely forget what you said.
- Author
You're welcome Robert. I'm so glad it's useful.
Thank you. There are a lot of good tips there. Like the list of words.
- Author
Thanks Audrey! I can so relate to your editing woes. Thanks my friend!
Editing is the bane of my existence--This is a wonderful article on though!
- Author
Thx Breathing for your kind words and comments.
To write a great novel in one chance is something very much rare. Almost every novelist prepares a draft first, then revise it, make necessary editions and then the final copy is launched. But here the author described the whole process in a systematic manner and also how the writer can do it on own. Yeah, hiring a professional editor is always a good idea but that is also a bit costly! So if the writer can do the processing successfully on own, then it will save both time and money. Also as the work will be like a pro, the resulting copy will also be great.
- Author
Thanks Rabadi for the kind words. I will next month and next year.
Awesome tips! Keep these awesome and helpful hubs coming!
- Author
You're very welcome, Poetryman. I've heard that saying many many times. I'm doing it right now in my ms.
I think some famous writer said you have to "murder your darlings". Some prose is too precious by half. Thanks for the tips!
- Author
You've very welcome. Feel free to print out a copy for future reference.
Thank you for this Kristen. I am sure it will help me in trying to become a better writer. I was surprised to see so many words that I often use on the passive list. I will have to review that list more and maybe make a copy of it to keep next to my desk.
- Author
Thanks Sujaya!
a true guide for writers Kris
- Author
Sandy, you're very welcome. I'm glad it would help you and other hub writers out.
Nice tips here for self editing. Truly! (Got to watch those ly words. :))
- Author
You're welcome. You can do it, Body. A lot of blood, sweat and tears with many revisions to get it sparkling clean and ready for print.
I had no idea it took all that. My Pastor has a book out "We Walked Away"by Cheryl Comer. I'm going to talk to her about that. It's really been on my mind for a very long time and reading your hub has inspired to take it on, thanks.
- Author
Lorelei, you're very welcome. You can do it!
I just realized how many passive words I use in my writing. Yikes. Thank you for this very helpful advise. I am famous for having work littered with errors waiting for me to return to repair them.
- Author
You're very welcome!
Nice idea to write on! it will be very helpful to me. Lot of important stuff you brought to our notice there! thank you :D
- Author
Sandy, nice to meet you. Good idea. I'm here to help you out in anyway.
- Author
My pleasure Peg. Tell you neighbor good luck with the self-editing, if he can't hire a professional one like me. Thanks for the share and you're welcome anytime.
I think when things die down in the fall, I plan on putting together some novels. This really comes in handy.
I have a neighbor who has written his first novel and is currently in the editing phase. Will definitely share this with him and also share here on HP. Thanks for giving us all of this information.
- Author
You're very welcome Marlene. Good idea to print it out and read out loud. Hope it helps! Thanks for stopping by.
I rarely print anything out, but when I need to edit a story, I print it out. I like the idea of using the erasable pens. Thanks for all these truly great tips.
- Author
Hi Donna. Thanks for stopping by and commenting on my most popular hub ever. Read out loud--or have someone else do it--seems to be the rule of thumb, other than text to speak software programs.
I have always found that no matter how much I try to edit my work, it seems that I always see it as it should read rather than how it actually does. Fortunately, however, I have found several people who are willing to be my beta readers. These other sets of eyes see things that I do not.
- Author
You're welcome sandeep15r. It's one of my most populated hubs this spring with now almost 200 views. I hope it helps and check out powerful prose and revision hubs too.
Thanks, it is great hub indeed.
- Author
You're welcome Robert. I hope you try AutoCrit and PWA out with the free trials. If you like it, go premium. I'm glad to share my edit suggestions and hope it works out well for you. Keep me posted.
Hey Kristen,
I looked Autocrit and Ican't wait to try that site out to help me edit my stories. Thanks again for the editing suggestions.
- Author
Thanks Deborah for the vote and for the comments.
What a great resource for writers, Kristen. Voted up and useful!
- Author
Molly, you're very welcome.
Thank you for this extremely helpful hub, Kristen!
- Author
My pleasure Benny. I hope it helps every hubber here and then some.
This is great, lots of helpful information, thanks for sharing.
- Author
Thanks Molly for coming by my hub and bookmarking it later. You're very welcome.
Thank you for this beautiful hub! It's helpful. I'm going to have to bookmark it for later.
- Author
Thanks Ezzly for you wonderful comment and your vote.
Wonderful article for aspiring writers , very helpful ! Voted up and awesome
- Author
Peg, you're the best. I'm glad to share my wealth of stored knowledge I've honed and learned over the years from various sources. Stay tuned for more hubs in the future on this topic.
Reading this one again to glean more tips. There's a lot of great info here.
- Author
Mark, my pleasure. Good idea to use it as a reference. Hope it helps.
Great hub, Kristen. I love your list of words that we should stay away from. I'm going to use it as a reference. Thanks
- Author
Thanks Lee for your comment, sharing and your vote. Hope it helps.
This is a fine piece of work, great tips and advice i will use often, thanks for sharing, voted up, Lee
- Author
Catherine,my pleasure. I'm going to have some new self-editing tips coming up real soon. Good luck with your stories and thanks for the vote.
I always need help with editing. I spent the day getting two short stories off for a contest. I hope my editing measured up because I think they are great stories. I should have seen this before I sent them off. Thanks for the tips. voted up and U.
- Author
Thanks Rebecca for stopping by. I hope it's helpful and useful to weed out those pesty passive words.
Thanks for sharing this! I like these self-editing tips. Especially your word list.
- Author
You're very welcome. Thanks for stopping by.
Great tips mam.
- Author
Thanks so much for bookmarking it Mary. We should all find what works and sticks with us for the editing process. Thanks for the vote!
- Author
Thanks MissOlive for pinning my hub on self-editing. Thanks for the vote too. I'll have more writing/ediitng tips coming up this spring.
Lots of great tips & techniques! I've pinned this to my, "Writing Tips & Techniques" board on Pinterest. Keep em' coming!
Voted up, very useful
I'm bookmarking this! Lots of good ideas and recommendations. I'm working on my novel and when it's finished I'll need all the help I can get.
Voted up, useful, and interesting.
- Author
Thanks so much for sharing my hub and spreading the word. Good luck with your flash fiction. I'll be posting more writing/editing hubs this spring. Keep me posted.
Wow, Kristen,
This is such a wonderful and useful tool to help us writers in learning to edit, edit and edit before publishing. I am working on a novel, but I am far from the editing stage. It is interesting to note all of the passive words to be mindful of when writing. I learned a lot from this hub.
Right at this moment, I am attempting to write a flash fiction, but I think I am trying to make a short story into a flash fiction and not sure if it is meant to be a flash fiction due to the topic.
Up +++ tweeting, pinning, G+ and sharing
Blessings
134